Blog | Orzuv

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but for men of South Asian descent—whether in India, the United States, the UK, the Middle East, or elsewhere—the risk is disproportionately high and manifests much earlier than in other ethnic groups. Conventional risk assessments like cholesterol checks and blood pressure monitoring are useful but often fail to detect the underlying dangers of coronary artery disease (CAD). This is where CT Coronary Angiogram (CTCA) combined with Calcium Scoring emerges as a lifesaving diagnostic tool [1].

What is CT Coronary Angiogram + Calcium Scoring?

A CT Coronary Angiogram (CTCA) is an advanced imaging test that provides a detailed view of the coronary arteries, identifying blockages and narrowing caused by plaque accumulation. Calcium Scoring measures the amount of calcium in the arteries, offering a quantitative risk assessment for future cardiac events before symptoms manifest [2].

This non-invasive test enables early detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), allowing individuals to take proactive measures before a heart attack or major cardiac complication occurs.

Why is This Test Crucial for South Asian Men Worldwide?

Early and Higher Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Studies show that men of South Asian descent develop CAD 5-10 years earlier than other ethnic populations. Many cases are diagnosed only after severe events like heart attacks, making early screening critical for prevention [3].
The Global “Thin-Fat” Phenomenon: Many South Asian men appear lean but possess high levels of visceral fat (fat around internal organs), which significantly increases heart disease risk. This phenomenon is observed across South Asians, whether they live in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the UK, the US, Canada, or the Middle East. A normal Body Mass Index (BMI) does not necessarily equate to a low heart disease risk in these populations [4].
Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: A Global Concern: South Asians worldwide are genetically predisposed to insulin resistance, making them more susceptible to diabetes and metabolic syndrome—both major contributors to heart disease. Whether in New York, London, Dubai, or Mumbai, individuals with this background should undergo routine cardiac risk assessments [5].
High Prevalence of Atherosclerosis: Research has shown that South Asians tend to have higher coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, even in the absence of traditional risk factors like smoking or obesity. This suggests a unique vulnerability to arterial plaque buildup, increasing the likelihood of heart attacks in men of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Sri Lankan origin worldwide [6].

Understanding Your Calcium Score & Risk Level

Calcium Score: 0
- Interpretation: No plaque detected
- Risk Level: Low
- Recommended Action: Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle
Calcium Score: 1-99
- Interpretation: Mild plaque
- Risk Level: Moderate
- Recommended Action: Lifestyle changes, monitor every 3-5 years
Calcium Score: 100-299
- Interpretation: Moderate plaque
- Risk Level: Increased
- Recommended Action: Intensive lifestyle changes, possible medication
Calcium Score: 300+
- Interpretation: Severe plaque
- Risk Level: High
- Recommended Action: Aggressive risk management, medications, further tests

When Should You Consider This Test?

While routine screening is ideal, certain symptoms or risk factors warrant immediate testing [7]:

Chest pain or discomfort (angina), especially during exertion.
Shortness of breath with minimal activity.
Unexplained fatigue or dizziness.
Family history of early heart disease.
High cholesterol, hypertension, or diabetes.
Smoking or history of smoking.

References: